Nowadays, with the rapid economic and industrial development, existing cities are growing faster in size, and meanwhile, new cities are steadily increasing in number. Despite the various profits urbanization has brought to our country, many problems turn up as a result in the process: environmental deterioration, warming climate, and housing insufficiency, to name just a few. Among them is a serious social problem I would like to draw your attention to - high unemployment in China. In the course of urbanization, a large amount of farmland has been quickly taken up by factories, housing, and expressways. This loss of arable land, plus the mechanization and modernization of agriculture, has created a huge excess labor force.Now, millions of farmers live on very small pieces of land that are sufficient to survive, but too small for modem agricultural production. The huge rural population in our country is linked to an economic activity, which could be accomplished by a fraction of the current agricultural labor force. In fact, it was estimated that in 1994 China had a surplus of about 200 million agricultural workers. Chinese experts estimated that by the year 2000 some.300.million farmers would not be needed in agriculture. If this number is correct, then Chinas rural under or unemployed would exceed the-total population of the United States of America. Admittedly, some agricultural surplus population was absorbed in the flourishing rural industries and moved to industrial centers nearby in the process of Chinas economic reforms. Also, there is a large demand for unskilled workers in certain economic sectors of big cities such as the urban construction industry, the electronics,textile industries and the service sector. However, these are not sufficient solutions to this unemployment problem. First, the labor surplus which further agricultural modernization increases far outnumber the job opportunities provided in cities. Second, the job competition in cities is getting fiercer with millions of lay-offs and graduates rushing into the labor market. Third, with a rather strict household registration system (hukou) ,which restrict farmer workers many economic rights in cities, much of the labor force floating to .urban area would possibly flow back sooner or later. Thus, it is not hard to imagine how serious the unemployment problem would be in China if urbanization quickened its pace and kept biting off our farmland. From the above analysis, it can be easily seen that urbanization has posed a strong challenge to our economic and social development while bringing other troubles: the high employment threat. Though there is no easy or quick solution to such a complexity, our government and experts are tryi
随着经济和工业的快速发展，现有城市规模的不断增长，同时，新城市的数量也在不断增加。尽管城市化给我国带来了各种各样的利益，但在这一过程中，许多问题都出现了：环境恶化、气候变暖、住房不足，这几个方面的问题。其中有一个严重的社会问题，我想提请你注意高失业率在中国。在城市化的过程中，大量的耕地被工厂、住房和高速公路迅速占用。这种损失的耕地，加上机械化和农业现代化，已经创造了一个巨大的过剩劳动力。现在，数以百万计的农民生活在很小的一块土地，足以生存，但过小的现代农业生产。我国庞大的农村人口与经济活动有关，这一经济活动可以由当前农业劳动力的一小部分来完成。事实上，据估计，1994中国有一个约200000000农业工人的盈余。中国专家估计，2000年的some.300.million农民不需要在农业。如果这个数字是正确的话，那么中国的农村人口或失业人口将超过美国总人口的。不可否认，一些农业剩余人口被吸收在繁荣的农村产业，并转移到附近的中国经济改革的过程中，工业中心。此外，在大城市，如城市建筑业、电子业、纺织业以及服务业等大城市的某些经济部门，对非技术工人的需求也很大。然而，这些都是没有足够的解决方案，这个失业问题。第一，劳动力过剩，进一步增加远远超过农业现代化提供了在城市的工作机会。其次，城市的就业竞争越来越激烈，数以百万计的下岗职工和毕业生涌入劳动力市场。第三，一个相当严格的户籍制度，制约农民工在城市的很多经济权利，多的劳动力流动。城市地区可能回流迟早。因此，如果城市化加快步伐，不断地啃咬我们的耕地，我们就不难想象在中国的失业问题会有多严重。从上面的分析，可以很容易地看到，城市化已经带来了强大的挑战，我们的经济和社会发展，同时带来其他麻烦：高就业威胁。虽然没有简单或快速的解决这样一个复杂的，我们的政府和专家们的尝试