高一英语作文:高中英语写作之词句篇指导
一、遣词方面:用词要贴切而丰富,善用短语
词汇是语言的建筑材料,文章的好坏,选词很关键,如果用词精湛,就会使文章亮起来。
1、措辞要贴切具体
试比较下面句子:
A man is walking down the street.
A man is strolling down the street.
通过比较可以看出,前一句不如后一句表达得具体、生动。一个词如果内涵越具体,那么在特定的场景中恰当地使用它,就会收到意想不到的效果。很多同学写作时常随便用一个很笼统的词来描述一个具体事物或人,如 a nice man给人感觉很笼统空泛,我们可以用很多有个性的、具体的词描绘一个人,如 generous,humorous,smart,kind-hearted,warm-hearted,hospitable,gentle,optimistic,easy-going,spirited,cultivated,manly,knowledgeable等等。
2、要善于运用短语
短语用得好,会给评卷员留下深刻印象。如:
When he was a child,he wanted to learn everything.
When he was a child,he had a strong appetite for knowledge.
3、要避免汉语思维
用词要符合英语习惯,避免汉语思维的影响,如某些名词和动词搭配已约定俗成,不能随意打乱其搭配习惯,否则会显得生硬和词不达意。如汉语中的学到知识,英语中就不能说learn knowledge,而要说acquire knowledge 。类似的动宾结构还有achieve success ,gain reputation ,attain ones end 等。
二、造句方面:句式要准确而多变,活用复合句
简单句用得太多,会造成文章读起来乏味。在评卷员看来,同样意思的内容,能够运用比较复杂的句式结构来表达,当然会认为其运用语言的能力要比只会用简单句来表达要强,评分自然就高。
1、巧用非谓语动词
运用非谓语动词,可使文句看起来更简洁,使语言更加丰富多彩,重点更加突出,增加文采。如:
I covered my ears,trying to keep the noise out,but failed.
2、巧用with复合结构
with+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/介词结构,常作伴随状语以增加被描绘内容的生动性和情感性,使文章读起来更简洁明了。试比较:
I couldnt go on studying because there was so much noise troubling me.
I couldnt go on studying with so much noise troubling me.
3、巧用复合句
高考评分标准强调使用语法结构的数量和复杂性,鼓励考生尽量使用较复杂的结构,并且对由此产生的错误采取了宽容的态度。如果恰当运用各类从句,就会使文章出彩。
如: Whats more,people have easy access to the Internet,which enables them to send and receive e-mails whenever they like.
4、巧用倒装句、感叹句、强调句、虚拟语气句等
使用这些句式可使文章化平淡为生动,加强语气,使评卷老师感受作者的强烈情感。
Only in this way can Internet Bars be well used by people.
I thought,How hard mum is working! She must be very tired.
5、巧用排山倒海句
如能运用一个个排比句、对偶句、不定式或短语,可令文章增色不少,会给评卷员眼前一亮的感觉。如:
The purpose of the program are to make our school more beautiful,to make the air cleaner and fresher,and to turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in.
三、谋篇方面:结构要清晰而流畅,巧用过渡词
众所周知,语言的最高层次不是传统语法所说的句子,而是语篇。语篇指的是一系列连接的语段或句子构成的语言整体。一篇好的文章不但句子正确,要点齐全,更重要的是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分。因此,恰当使用好连接性的词语和句子,是使作文获得高分的一个重要因素。
下列各组表示列举或补充的短语或句式非常实用,对高考写作很有帮助:
Firstly...,secondly...,thirdly...,finally...
In the first place...,in the second place...,in the third place...,lastly...
to begin with...,then...,furthermore...,finally...
to start with...,next...,in addition...,finally...
first and foremost...,besides...,last but not least...
most important of all...,moreover...,finally...
如果只有两层意思,可选用下列两组中的任一组:
On the one hand...,on the other hand...
For one thing..., and for another thing...